活化铁锰结核的除氟性能研究

通过批实验研究接触反应时间、温度、共存阴离子对除氟效果的影响.结果表明,接触反应时间为48 h时,吸附都将近平衡.温度越高,越有利于氟离子的吸附.Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模式都可以较好地描述氟离子的吸附特性.热力学分析发现活化铁锰结核对氟的吸附为自发的吸热反应.当其他阴离子存在时,会对吸附造成不利影响.柱实验结果表明,活化铁锰结核动态除氟效果很好,性能稳定,机械强度高,易洗脱再生,且洗脱再生后饱和吸附量明显增大.出水中铁、锰含量不超过我国生活饮用水卫生标准.用Thomas模型分析,得到的平均饱和吸附量可达1.340 mg/g.X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析表明,经FeCl3活化的铁锰结核表面附着大量铁的氧化物或氢氧化物.这些铁的氢氧化物或氧化物对水中氟离子的去除起重要作用.     

载铜蒙脱石对大肠杆菌K88吸附性能的研究

以蒙脱石(MMT)和硫酸铜为主要原料,制备了载铜蒙脱石(MMT-Cu),并对MMT-Cu吸附大肠杆菌K88的能力进行比较研究.结果表明:MMT和MMT-Cu对大肠杆菌K88均有较强的吸附作用,但载铜后蒙脱石吸附大肠杆菌的能力明显增强.细菌与吸附材料作用90min后可达到吸附平衡.介质pH值、离子强度和吸附温度对MMT和MMT-Cu吸附细菌的能力均有不同程度的影响.     

氧化铝负载镧去除水中F-的研究

通过固相反应合成了氧化铝负载的氧化镧吸附剂并研究了其对水中F-的吸附.结果表明.合成的材料对F-有很好的去除效果,最大吸附量达到53.4 mg·g-1;适当提高吸附温度和氧化镧负载量都能在一定范围内提高吸附量;较低的固相反应焙烧温度有利于提高去除率,随着焙烧温度的升高,吸附量从170℃焙烧的42.2 mg·g-1下降到了350℃焙烧的32.9 mg·g-1.同时,吸附剂表现出了很好的适应性,在较宽的pH范围内都能保持较高的吸附量.     

A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolved organic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant

Refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM (raw water after coagulation). Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the column adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently.     

Adsorption characteristic of bensulfuron-methyl at variable added Pb^2＋ concentrations on paddy soils

The combined pollution of heavy metal Pb²⁺ and bensulfuron-methyl (BSM), originating from chemical herbicides, in agroecological environments has become commonplace in southern China. The adsorption of BSM on three paddy soils in the presence of Pb²⁺ was examined using high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Results indicated that adsorption of BSM could accurately be described by a Freundlich isotherm equation with correlation constant (R) > 0.98, irrespective of the presence of spiked Pb²⁺. Of the various factors influencing BSM sorption, soil pH appeared to be the most influential. The constant K_f of Freundlich isotherm equation tended to increase with increasing Pb²⁺ concentration in soil which indicated that the spiked of Pb²⁺ in paddy soils would promote the sorption of BSM. ΔG^θ of BSM in three paddy soils was less than 40 kJ/mol in all treatments, indicating the adsorption of BSM is mainly physical in nature. The elution of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) enhanced the adsorption of BSM in paddy soils. The mechanisms involved in the promotion effects of the spiked Pb²⁺ on BSM adsorption might be the modified surface characteristics of paddy soil solids due to the soil acidification and the increase of soil organic matter concentration because of DOM binding.     

Analysis of diffusion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption is analyzed by means of an analytical method. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis show that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) can be 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry's coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.     

Effect of ionic strength on adsorption of As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） on variable charge soils

The study was to investigate the adsorption behavior of arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) and arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) on two variable charge soils, i.e., Haplic Acrisol and Rhodic Ferralsol at different ionic strengths and pH with batch methods. Results indicated that the amount of As(Ⅲ) adsorbed by these two soils increased with increasing solution pH, whereas it decreased with increasing ionic strength under the acidic condition. This suggested that As(Ⅲ) was mainly adsorbed on soil positive charge sites through electrostatic attraction under the acidic condition. Moreover, intersects of As(Ⅴ) adsorption-pH curves at different ionic strengths (a characteristic pH) are obtained for both soils. It was noted that above this pH, the adsorption of As(Ⅴ) was increased with increasing ionic strength, whereas below it the reverse trend was true. Precisely the intersect pH was 3.6 for Haplic Acrisol and 4.5 for Rhodic Ferralsol, which was near the values of PZSE (soil point of zero salt effect) of these soils. The effects of ionic strength and pH on arsenate adsorption by these soils were interpreted by the adsorption model. The results of zeta potential suggested that the potential in adsorption plane becomes less negative with increasing ionic strength above soil PZSE and decreases with increasing ionic strength below soil PZSE. These results further supported the hypothesis of the adsorption model that the potential in the adsorption plane changes with ionic strength with an opposite trend to surface charge of the soils. Therefore, the change of the potential in the adsorption plane was mainly responsible for the change of arsenate adsorption induced by ionic strength on variable charge soils.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₃O₄ > MnO₂ > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution using carbonaceous K2S-impregnated adsorbent

A novel carbonaceous adsorbent for heavy metal removal was prepared from raw coal by one-step simple sulfur impregnation using K2S. Raw coal was mixed with K2S powder and then heated at 800°C for 30 min in nitrogen to produce K2S char. The sulfur content and form in K2S char were determined, and the ability of K2S char to adsorb Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ was examined. The K2S impregnation was e ective at impregnating sulfur into coal, especially in the form of elemental, thiophenic and sulfatic sulfur. The sulfur content of K2S char was higher than those of raw coal and pyrolysis char. The Zn2+ removal in 2.4 mmol/L of Zn2+ solution by K2S char was higher than raw coal with the removal rate of 100%. K2S char adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ in 24 mmol/L of Pb2+ and Cd2+ solution with the removal rate of 97% and 35%, respectively. The elution extents of adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ were zero in distilled water and 27% in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. These results indicated that an e ective adsorbent for heavy metal ions was prepared from coal using K2S sulfur impregnation, and that the adsorbed metals were strongly retained in K2S char.